Precision Transparent Acrylic Venturi Tube
Provides gradual 21° convergent inlet, precision cylindrical throat, and 7° divergent recovery cone.
Chemical & Process Engineering / Venturi Flowmeter Calibration
FREE TO EXPLORELABORATORY 01 · CHEMICAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING
Venturi Meter Flow Measurement & Discharge Coefficient Calibration
Measure differential pressure head across a convergent-divergent Venturi constriction as a function of volumetric flow rate, verify the mechanical energy balance (Bernoulli equation), and determine the discharge coefficient C_d. Explore interactive transport phenomena, unit operations simulation, and chemical engineering telemetry.
TRANSPORT PHENOMENA · UNIT OPERATIONS · PROCESS CONTROL · REACTION ENGINEERING
Your virtual chemical and process engineering laboratory.
DIFFERENTIAL HEAD SQRT(ΔH)—
PROCESS & PILOT PLANT TELEMETRY
Ready to sample with Flow Q = 30.0 L/min.
Adjust Flow Q, then execute chemical process trial.
Chemical and process engineering telemetry is evaluated rigorously using 64-bit IEEE 754 precision. Residuals reflect ordinary least-squares regression across successive observations. Continuous data structures support high-fidelity transport phenomena and unit operations modeling.
Process engineering assumptions and boundary condition limits
The transport and thermodynamic models apply within the specified calibrated operating window (10.0 to 60.0 L/min). Evaluated using a 25.4 mm (1-inch) Schedule 40 pipeline with a throat constriction diameter ratio β = 0.50 (throat diameter 12.7 mm). Monitored via inverted U-tube differential water manometer with air over liquid. Linearized regression relates sqrt(Δh) directly to Q.
Process apparatus & industrial sensors.
Multi-Tube Differential Liquid Piezometer Manometer
Measures piezometric head differential Δh across inlet and throat pressure tapings with millimeter resolution.
Variable-Speed Centrifugal Water Circulation Pump
Supplies stable, pulsation-free liquid flow across the closed test loop from 0 to 70 L/min.
Calibrated Magnetic Inductive Reference Flowmeter
Provides independent NIST-traceable volumetric flow rate measurement with ±0.2% reading accuracy.
Precision Flow Regulation Needle Valve
Enables fine throttling of circulation rate without introducing upstream hydraulic swirl artifacts.
Sump Storage Tank & Water Temperature Sensor
Maintains fluid temperature at 20.0 ± 0.5 °C to ensure constant liquid density and dynamic viscosity.
FOLLOW THE METHOD
A reason behind every step.
Measure differential pressure head across a convergent-divergent Venturi constriction as a function of volumetric flow rate, verify the mechanical energy balance (Bernoulli equation), and determine the discharge coefficient C_d. Standardized parameter settings: 10.0, 20.0, 30.0, 40.0, 50.0, 60.0 L/min.
01
System Priming & Bubble Purging
Start the centrifugal pump at moderate speed and vent all air pockets from the piezometer tubes and pressure tapping manifolds until identical static levels are observed under zero flow.
02
Zero-Flow Datum Verification
Close the downstream control valve completely; verify that upstream and throat manometer levels equalize to within 0.5 mm on the metric scale.
03
Initial Flow Rate Establishment
Open the needle valve until reference volumetric flow rate Q reaches 10.0 L/min; allow flow conditions and manometric columns to achieve steady state.
04
Differential Head Logging
Record upstream piezometric level h_1 and throat level h_2, calculating differential pressure head Δh = h_1 - h_2 in centimeters of water column.
05
Flow Progression & Manometer Reading
Increment volumetric flow rate through 20.0, 30.0, 40.0, 50.0, and 60.0 L/min, recording steady-state manometric head differentials at each operational plateau.
06
Discharge Coefficient Regression Analysis
Calculate sqrt(Δh) for each observation, plot sqrt(Δh) versus Q, and extract the flow sensitivity slope S to evaluate discharge coefficient C_d.
YOUR NOTEBOOK · 0 OBSERVATIONS
Turn measurements into chemical process engineering insight.
Points are your recorded observations. The solid regression line validates Venturi Flowmeter Calibration mathematical scaling.
LINEAR REGRESSION FIT · y = mx + b
sqrt(Δh) = S · Q = 0.4850 · Q
| # | Volumetric Flow Rate Q (L/min) | Differential Head Sqrt(Δh) (cm^0.5) | Flow rate Q (L/min) | Square root of pressure head sqrt(Δh) (cm^0.5) | Remove |
|---|
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CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Explain what the process engineering metrics mean.
In a Venturi meter, the relationship between volumetric flow rate Q and differential head Δh is:
The diameter ratio β of a Venturi flowmeter is defined as:
A typical value for the discharge coefficient C_d of a smooth, well-machined Venturi meter is:
Which section of a Venturi meter experiences the lowest static pressure?
THEORY AND UNIT OPERATIONS CONTEXT
Process engineering background & physical principles.
In chemical process engineering and fluid transport systems, closed-conduit volumetric metering is indispensable for mass balancing, reactor stoichiometry, and heat exchanger control. The classical Venturi flowmeter utilizes a gradual convergent entrance section that accelerates the flowing fluid into a cylindrical throat, followed by a gently tapered divergent diffuser designed to maximize kinetic energy recovery. Applying the incompressible Bernoulli equation with continuity between upstream pipe (diameter D_1) and throat (diameter D_2) yields theoretical volumetric flow rate Q_th = [A_2 / sqrt(1 - β^4)] · sqrt(2 · g · Δh), where β = D_2 / D_1 and Δh is differential piezometric head. Because real fluid flow experiences wall friction and viscous boundary layer dissipation, the actual flow rate Q is related to theoretical flow by the discharge coefficient C_d: Q = C_d · Q_th. For well-engineered classical Venturi meters operating at pipe Reynolds numbers above 10^4, boundary layer separation is suppressed by the gradual 5° to 7° divergent cone, yielding a nearly constant discharge coefficient between 0.96 and 0.99. In this laboratory, differential manometric head Δh is measured across a calibrated Venturi tube over a wide range of flow rates to establish flow sensitivity and evaluate discharge coefficient C_d.
sqrt(Δh) = S · Q = 0.4850 · Q
Evaluated using a 25.4 mm (1-inch) Schedule 40 pipeline with a throat constriction diameter ratio β = 0.50 (throat diameter 12.7 mm). Monitored via inverted U-tube differential water manometer with air over liquid. Linearized regression relates sqrt(Δh) directly to Q.