Dual High-Fidelity Applanation Tonometers (Millar SPT-301)
Applanates surface of superficial arteries (carotid and femoral) to record non-distorted pulse waveforms.
Biomedical Engineering / Pulse Wave Velocity Arterial Stiffness
FREE TO EXPLORELABORATORY 31 · BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity & Moens-Korteweg Arterial Stiffness
Determine carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) across varying mean arterial pressures (MAP) using dual applanation tonometry and evaluate pressure-dependent vascular stiffening. Explore interactive physiological instrumentation simulation, biomechanics, and biomedical engineering telemetry.
BIOINSTRUMENTATION · BIOSIGNALS · BIOMECHANICS · IMAGING
Your virtual biomedical engineering laboratory.
CAROTID-FEMORAL PWV—
PHYSIOLOGICAL & TEST CELL TELEMETRY
Ready to sample with Pressure MAP = 90.0 mmHg.
Adjust Pressure MAP, then execute biomedical trial.
Biomedical engineering telemetry and physiological states are evaluated rigorously using 64-bit IEEE 754 precision. Residuals reflect ordinary least-squares regression across successive observations. Continuous data structures support high-fidelity biological and physiological modeling.
Biomedical assumptions and boundary condition limits
The linear PWV-MAP relationship applies over physiological pressure ranges (70 to 120 mmHg); extreme pressures display exponential stiffening. Evaluated on a simulated human arterial tree phantom with anatomically branched elastic silicone aorta, carotid, and femoral conduits (effective carotid-to-femoral transit distance Δx = 0.450 m). Mean arterial pressure MAP controlled from 70.0 to 120.0 mmHg. Pressure-dependent PWV scaling slope k_p = 0.0450 (m/s)/mmHg with baseline PWV_0 = 2.8000 m/s (PWV = 6.85 m/s at normotensive MAP = 90 mmHg).
Biomedical apparatus & physiological sensors.
Cardiovascular Arterial Tree Hemodynamic Simulator
Provides anatomically scaled compliant conduits with independent mean pressure and pulse pressure control.
Precision Caliper & Tape Transit Distance Gauge
Measures anatomical carotid-to-femoral surface distance Δx with millimeter accuracy.
Synchronous Dual-Channel High-Speed Bio-Amplifier (2000 Hz)
Digitizes simultaneous carotid and femoral pulse waves with sub-millisecond time resolution.
Automated Foot-to-Foot Waveform Intersection Algorithm
Identifies initial systolic upstroke inflection point (transit time foot) via intersecting tangent method.
Continuous Arterial Line Reference Transducer
Measures true transmural mean arterial pressure (MAP) to ±0.1 mmHg.
FOLLOW THE METHOD
A reason behind every step.
Determine carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) across varying mean arterial pressures (MAP) using dual applanation tonometry and evaluate pressure-dependent vascular stiffening. Standardized parameter settings: 70.0, 80.0, 90.0, 100.0, 110.0, 120.0 mmHg.
01
Anatomical Transit Distance Calibration
Measure superficial surface distance from suprasternal notch to carotid site and from suprasternal notch to femoral site; calculate net aortic transit distance Δx = 0.450 m.
02
Applanation Tonometer Positioning
Position tonometer probes over the right common carotid artery and right femoral artery, adjusting hold-down pressure until maximum signal amplitude is registered.
03
Baseline MAP Stabilization
Set circulatory simulator mean arterial pressure to 70.0 mmHg and verify stable heart rate (70 BPM) and cardiac output.
04
Synchronous Foot-to-Foot Transit Time Capture
Record 10 consecutive pulse wave pairs at 2000 Hz; execute intersecting tangent algorithm to detect foot transit time delay Δt, calculating PWV = Δx / Δt.
05
Mean Arterial Pressure Progression
Increment circulatory MAP through 80, 90, 100, 110, and 120 mmHg, capturing stabilized cfPWV over 10 cycles at each pressure step.
06
Pressure Sensitivity Linear Regression
Plot cfPWV versus MAP and determine the vascular pressure sensitivity slope k_p and baseline velocity PWV_0 via linear regression.
YOUR NOTEBOOK · 0 OBSERVATIONS
Turn measurements into biomedical engineering insight.
Points are your recorded observations. The solid regression line validates Pulse Wave Velocity Arterial Stiffness mathematical scaling.
LINEAR REGRESSION FIT · y = mx + b
PWV = k_p · MAP + PWV_0 = 0.0450 · MAP + 2.8000
| # | Mean Arterial Pressure MAP (mmHg) | Carotid-Femoral PWV (m/s) | Mean arterial pressure MAP (mmHg) | Carotid-femoral PWV (m/s) | Remove |
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